Szukana fraza: [Abstrakt = "The paper presents the problem of modelling of electrochemical energy storage used in electric vehicles. A short literature review was carried out, presenting the most important scientific achievements in the field of electrochemical and ageing cell process modelling. Selected methods of battery life estimation and counting microcycles of their operation were discussed and the author's concept of estimation of battery life in any short periods of time was presented. A number of tests to verify the developed method for estimating the state of cell consumption, which were carried out with the use of NMC type batteries, are presented. Moreover, the paper discusses selected methods of modelling electrical parameters of lithium\-ion cells and supercapacitors, describing in detail the issues related to electrochemical processes occurring in them. The measurements enabling identification of NMC and supercapacitor peripheral models were carried out and the parameters of their equivalent circuit were determined. A computer simulation was also presented, in which a detailed analysis of the vehicle's energy consumption was made, on the basis of which the most important parameters of power supply systems in several variants \(built of lithium\-ion batteries and super capacitors\) were determined. In addition, the concept of prediction of vehicle speed by means of algorithms using neural networks and controlling the operation of the hybrid energy storage in order to extend the life of lithium\-ion cells has been proposed. The obtained results are presented in the diagrams and commented on."]

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