Szukana fraza: [Abstrakt = "Non\-road vehicles are a large group of machines and a vast majority of them utilize CI engines. This group includes agricultural vehicles, construction machinery, stationary engines, etc. Their regulations are less restrictive compared to vehicles from the HDV category which use similar engine units. For this reason, the Stage V standard will be introduced in 2018, adding reductions in the form of toxic exhaust emissions limits. In addition, retrofitting continues to gain popularity, which means retrofitting older engine designs with more modern exhaust gas after treatment systems. This article reviews also the use of PEMS analyzers to measure the real operation emission."]

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