Szukana fraza: [Abstrakt = "Globalization and Postmodernity are the two fundaments of changes in Cities. The domain of Globalization is Civilization \- the \"base\" \- material\/measurable values. 1\) Democracy. 2\) Liberalism. 3\) Equal Human Rights. 4\) Tolerance. 5\) Progress of transportation and the electronic communication. 6\) The revolution in informatics, achievements in digital techniques \- for studying and projecting Cities. The domain of Postmodernity is Culture \-the \"addition\", \"higher Values\"\: intellectual, spiritual, immeasurable. Popular Postmodern\: Views, Lifestyle and Behavior \- crisis of eternal Values. Elitist Creative Class with New Dynamism \- positive values. Postmodern cult of Beauty concerning\: body, clothes, gadgets, vehicles, interiors and houses both dwellings and offices. Therefore \- Public Places, Social Spaces, Urban Interiors, surrounding of built environment. Threshold between private versus public domain \- motivation\/financing. Aesthetic approach in City Design\: 1\) Beautification of existing Urban Space, 2\) Beautiful New Estates in Cities, 3\) Beautiful Place for location \- the price for Good Address and the cost of The View. Ecological approach\: 1\) Plants into body of a building\: green roofs, Terraces \- Gardens, \"Vertical Gardens\" \- walls covered with climbers and lawns. 2\) Postmodern City Parks. 3\) The Real Ecology in urban\/architectural outer space in the edge of Nature \- attractive constructions\: rainwater catchers, water reservoirs, dust\/gas filters, propellers, solar panels, selected dustbins etc. Attitudes towards identity and local tradition in Urban Design\: 1\) Promoting local individual identity, \"regional, patriotic\" approach \- cultural prestige, \"better selling\" marketing\; 2\) Fascination with The New \- creating strong Contrast, 3\) Compromise. Controversial urban intervention, with the USA flavor\: 1\) Billboards, 2\) Hypermarkets, 3\) Condos, 4\) Skyscrapers. On this theoretical background, author develops the last sample \- skyscrapers as the problem in centers in historical Cities in West Europe and in Poland. Conclusions."]

Wyników: 0